Ex situ conservation methods ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. During the long period 3 billion years since the origin and diversification of life on earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ. Conservation of biodiversity is done in two ways in situ and exsitu conservation. It is the process of conserving all the living species, especially the wild and endangered species in their natural habitats and environment. Article 8 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd specifies insitu conservation as the primary conservation strategy, and states that ex situ measures should play a supportive role to reach conservation targets. Ijres 4 2017 112 issn 20591977 in situ and ex situ conservation. Insitu conservation is the onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species, such as forest genetic resources in natural populations of teagan species. Both in situ and ex situ methods of biodiversity conservation are equally important. National parks, sacred forests, lakes, marine parks, biosphere reserves, gene sanctuaries.
In situ conservation of genetic resources a species or a population sample of a particular part of its genetic variation can be maintained through in situ or ex situ conservation. It includes the collection, preservation and maintenance of selected genetic resources from wild. Ex situ conservation methods bioversity international. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Insitu and exsitu conservation of biodiversity an overview. The nominate race of red panda ailurus fulgens fulgens f. Conservation of biodiversity protecting the loss of biodiversity. The challenges of ex situ orchid conservation text by mark sullivan what the words. In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living organisms in a natural state in the habitat where they naturally occur. Sanctuaries for rhododendrons and orchids have been established in sikkim.
In situ conservation the conservation of genetic resources through their maintenance within natural or even human made ecosystems in which they occur, is called insitu conservation. Through the conservation of biodiversity and the survival of many species and habitats which are threatened due to human activities can be ensured. Cuvier, 1825, endemic to eastern himalayas, is a flagship species for in situ and ex situ conservation. Insitu and exsitu conservation of spiraea crenata rosaceae in. It involves the location, sampling, transfer and storage of samples of the target taxa away from their native habitat to be conserved at a remote site.
Ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 14 iv. In situ conservation vs ex situ conservation javatpoint. It is now recognized that ex situ techniques can be efficiently used to complement in situ methods, and they may represent the only option for conserving certain highly endangered and rare. Ex situ conservation an overview sciencedirect topics. Pdf integrating ex situ and in situ conservation of. Exsitu conservation of finnish native plant species life11 biofi.
Tura range in garo hills of meghalaya is a gene sanctuary for conserving rich native biodiversity. In situ conservation of genetic resources managing. Ex situ conservation literally means, offsite conservation. Insitu conservation aims to enable biodiversity to maintain itself within the context of the. This in situ ex situ integration necessitates collaboration at all levels of conservation action including planning, implementation, monitoring and assessment to drive adaptive management processes. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu. In situ and ex situ are two methods used to describe different biological processes such as bioremediation, and conservation. This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well as wild and cultivated or species, and draws on a diverse body of techniques and facilities. An exsitu action plan for the conservation of threatened native plant taxa in finland was developed by the life vaccia. Find out the difference between in situ and ex situ conservation which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc, state services, nda, cds, and railways etc. For example, biological material which is in a laboratory, collection, botanical garden, zoo, or aquarium. Start studying in situ ex situ conservation methods. Wildlife conservation is broadly classified into these two types.
Integrating ex situ and in situ conservation of lemurs. Ex situ conservation, which is also known as offsite conservation, refers to the conservation of endangered species in the artificial or manmade habitats that imitate their natural habitats, e. It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its. Management of germplasm collections and genebanks 101 a. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of ex situ management for species conservation. Cette situa tion nous permet dadopter ici une approche globale faisant apparaitre les complementarites entre conservation in situ et ex situ, et entre le.
Define the resources and expertise needed for the ex situ p. In situ conservationex situ conservation in situ means being in the original position. Approved by the steering committee of the iucn species survival commission, tallinn, estonia, 29 august 2014. Furthermore, in situ methods are less expensive and less manageable while the ex situ methods are expensive and manageable. Ex situ conservation provides less mobility to the organisms due to relatively smaller habitat or area than the in situ. India encompasses at present 89 national parks and 496 sanctuaries moef, 2001 covering an area of 1. Iucn species survival commission guidelines on the use of. For example, conserving tigers in tiger reserves or rhinos in the habitat where they are foun. On one end, in situ is defined as onsite, conservation in a wild nature, while on the other end, ex situ is offsite, unnatural, or captive conservation.
I thought i would share some basic definitions and a few examples of each. Overview of conservation methods for ocr a level biology, covering in situ methods legislation, wildlife reserves and ex situ wildlife parks. Ex situ conservation methods ened in situ and is the for the conservation of the specific genetic resource, frequently, the will be to establish populations that maintain as much as possible of the original and allows for longterm. In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surround. Ex situ conservation is the conservation of components of biodiversity outside their natural habitats cbd definition, unced, 1992. Ex situ seed conservation ex situ conservation is the conservation of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
It is generally used to safeguard populations that are at present or potentially under threat and need to be collected and conserved in gen. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Some examples of recent extinctions include the three subspecies bali, javan, caspian of tiger. Exsitu conservation exsitu conservation dealing with the offsite conservation of the wild genetic resources genetic diversity. Ex situ conservation is the preservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat. Establishment and implementation of ex situ conservation.
Globally 29,000 accessions of proso millet, 8,000 accessions each of barnyard and kodo millets, and 3,000 accessions of little millet have been assembled and conserved fig. It can also mean the gathering and saving of orchid seeds, and dna. The conservation of biodiversity is achieved by two approaches in situ and ex situ. Ex situ means literally, offsite conservation the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal outside of its natural habitat. In order to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity, there is a need to employ complementary in situ and ex. In situ conservation the conservation efforts are taken. Studies to identify and prioritize species for exsitu conservation, and climate change.
The major genebanks conserving proso, barnyard, kodo, and little millets are presented in table 8. Biodiversity conservation is accomplished in a number of ways. Article pdf available in plant species biology 312 april 2016 with. Each component is dependent on the availability and accuracy of data for evidence to facilitate evaluation and adaptive management processes. Ex situ conservation involves the maintenance of genetic variation away from its original location. When we conserve one or more species in their habitat where they naturally occur we call it in situ conservation. Ex situ measures should preferentially be put into practice in the country of species origin. Continuing the discussion further, another ex situ method. It is onsite conservation or the conservation of genetic resources in natural populations of plant or animal species. The conservation within natural or even manmade ecosystems where the organism. Exsitu conservation national medicinal plants board. Exsitu conservation of medicinal plants is a complementary action to conserve the genetic diversity, thereby reducing pressure on wild.
They are actively engaged in collection, introduction, multiplication and maintenance of germplasm of orchids, bamboos, palms, medicinal plants, legumes, ferns, wild. Iucn technical guidelines on the management of exsitu populations for conservation approved at the 14th meeting of the programme committee of council, gland switzerland, 10 december 2002 preamble iucn affirms that a goal of conservation is the maintenance of existing genetic. This process protects the inhabitants and ensures the sustainability of the environment and ecosystem. In situ conservation of biodiversity includes biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. What are the differences between insitu and exsitu. Pdf in situ and ex situ conservation of red panda in. Exsitu methods focus on species conservation in botanic gardens, zoos, gene banks, and. Complementary approaches for maintaining biodiversity haileab zegeye department of biology, faculty of natural and computational sciences, debre tabor university, p. Samples of populations of species, subspecies, cultivars, breeds, or varieties are taken and conserved either as living collections of plants in field gene banks, botanic gardens, and arboreta, or as samples of. Iir virro culture is largely employed for ex sihc conservation of plant species.
Philosophical and ethical concerns 23 spontaneous nature is taken over by human deliberation and resourced, or redirected to human uses. It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal outside its natural. Zoological parks, botanical gardens, wildlife safari parks and seed banks serve this purpose. It is a particularly important method of conservation for species that are difficult to conserve ex situ, such as many cwr. Find out the difference between in situ and ex situ conservation which is very useful for the competitive examinations like upscprelims, ssc. Ex situ conservation is the widely used method to conserve millet genetic resources. Botanical survey of india is actively engaged in the exsitu conservation through its chain of botanic gardens established in different regional circles. Botanical gardens ex situ for example, botanic garden of the indian republic bgir, noida has been set up to facilitate ex situ conservation and propagation of rare and threatened indigenous plants of the country. Effects of genetic captive breeding protocols on sperm quality and fertility in the whitefooted mouse. Outside, off site, or away from the natural location. Stages in the ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources 18 a.
Difference between in situ and ex situ conservation. Exsitu conservation forms the basis of article 9 of theconvention on biological diversity cbd, which highlights it should always be implemented as a complementary and not as an alternative approach to in situ conservation. The state of in situ management food and agriculture organization. Which is the more effective way to maintain seed longevity of an endangered cactus. There are two broad categories that most conservation efforts can be placed under and its a good thing to know a bit about both of them.
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